# geoana.em.tdem.ElectricDipoleWholeSpace.magnetic_flux_density_time_deriv#

ElectricDipoleWholeSpace.magnetic_flux_density_time_deriv(xyz)#

Time-derivative of the magnetic flux density for the transient current dipole at a set of gridded locations.

For a transient electric current dipole oriented in the $$\hat{u}$$ direction with dipole moment $$I ds$$, this method computes the time-derivative of the time-derivative of the magnetic flux density at the set of observation times for the gridded xyz locations provided.

The analytic solution is adapted from Ward and Hohmann (1988). For a transient electric current dipole oriented in the $$\hat{x}$$ direction, the solution at vector distance $$\mathbf{r}$$ from the current dipole is:

$\frac{\partial \mathbf{b}}{\partial t} = - \frac{2 \, \theta^5 Ids}{\pi^{3/2} \sigma} e^{-\theta^2 r^2} \big ( - z \, \mathbf{\hat y} + y \, \mathbf{\hat z} \big )$

where

$\theta = \Bigg ( \frac{\mu\sigma}{4t} \Bigg )^{1/2}$
Parameters
xyz(n, 3) numpy.ndarray

Gridded xyz locations

Returns
(n_time, n_loc, 3) numpy.array of float

Time-derivative of the transient magnetic flux density at all times for the gridded locations provided. Output array is squeezed when n_time and/or n_loc = 1.

Examples

Here, we define a z-oriented electric dipole and plot the time-derivative of the magnetic flux density on the xy-plane that intercepts z=0.

>>> from geoana.em.tdem import ElectricDipoleWholeSpace
>>> from geoana.utils import ndgrid
>>> from geoana.plotting_utils import plot2Ddata
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


Let us begin by defining the electric current dipole.

>>> time = np.logspace(-6, -2, 3)
>>> location = np.r_[0., 0., 0.]
>>> orientation = np.r_[0., 0., 1.]
>>> current = 1.
>>> sigma = 1.0
>>> simulation = ElectricDipoleWholeSpace(
>>>     time, location=location, orientation=orientation,
>>>     current=current, sigma=sigma
>>> )


Now we create a set of gridded locations and compute dB/dt.

>>> xyz = ndgrid(np.linspace(-10, 10, 20), np.linspace(-10, 10, 20), np.array([0]))
>>> dBdt = simulation.magnetic_flux_density_time_deriv(xyz)


Finally, we plot the dB/dt at the desired locations/times.

>>> t_ind = 0
>>> fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 4))
>>> ax = fig.add_axes([0.15, 0.15, 0.8, 0.8])
>>> plot2Ddata(xyz[:, 0:2], dBdt[t_ind, :, 0:2], ax=ax, vec=True, scale='log')
>>> ax.set_xlabel('X')
>>> ax.set_ylabel('Y')
>>> ax.set_title('dBdt at {} s'.format(time[t_ind]))